ICALEPCS2023 - Classification: System Modelling / Digital Twins & Simulation

Paper	Title	Page
THMBCMO17	FAIR Data of Physical and Digital Beamlines	1231
	G. Günther, O. Mannix, O. Ruslan, S. Vadilonga HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Simulations play a crucial role in instrument design, as a digital precursor of a real-world object they contain a comprehensive description of the setup. Unfortunately, this digital representation is often neglected once the real instrument is fully commissioned. To preserve the symbiosis of simulated and real-world instrument beyond commissioning we connect the two worlds through the instrument control software. The instrument control simultaneously starts measurements and simulations, receives feedback from both, and directs (meta)data to a NeXus file - a standard format in photon and neutron science. The instrument section of the produced NeXus file is enriched with detailed simulation parameters where the current state of the instrument is reflected by including real motor positions such as incorporating the actual aperture of a slit system. As a result, the enriched instrument description increases the reusability of experimental data in sense of the FAIR principles. The data is ready to be exploited by machine-learning techniques, such as for predictive maintenance applications as it is possible to perform simulations of a measurement directly from the NeXus file. The realization at the Aquarius beamline * at Bessy II in connection with the Ray-UI simulation software and RayPyNG API * serves as a prototype for a more general application. * https://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/forschung/oe/wi/optik-strahlrohre/projekte/aquarius_en.html https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5084665 * https://pypi.org/project/raypyng
	Slides THMBCMO17 [0.632 MB]
	Poster THMBCMO17 [0.828 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THMBCMO17
About •	Received ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 December 2023 — Issued ※ 14 December 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THMBCMO18	Advancements in Beamline Digital Twin at BESSYII	1236
	S. Vadilonga, G. Günther, S. Kazarski, R. Ovsyannikov, S.S. Sachse, W. Smith HZB, Berlin, Germany
	This presentation reports on the status of beamline digital twins at BESSY II. To provide a comprehensive beamline simulation experience we have leveraged BESSY II’s x-ray tracing program, RAY-UI[], widely used for beamline design and commissioning and best adapted to the requirements of our soft X-ray source BESSY II. We created a Python API, RayPyNG, capable to convert our library of beamline configuration files produced by RAY-UI into Python objects[]. This allows to embed beamline simulation into Bluesky[], our experimental controls software ecosystem. All optical elements are mapped directly into the Bluesky device abstraction (Ophyd). Thus beamline operators can run simulations and operate real systems by a common interface, allowing to directly compare theory predictions with real-time results[*]. We will discuss the relevance of this digital twin for process tuning in terms of enhanced beamline performance and streamlined operations. We will shortly discuss alternatives to RAY-UI like other software packages and ML/AI surrogate models. []https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5084665 []https://raypyng.readthedocs.io/ []https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2019.1608121 [***]https://raypyng-bluesky.readthedocs.io/
	Slides THMBCMO18 [0.333 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THMBCMO18
About •	Received ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 December 2023 — Issued ※ 16 December 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPDP010	Update on the EBS Storage Ring Beam Dynamics Digital Twin	1306
	S.M. Liuzzo, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, L. Hoummi, N. Leclercq, T.P. Perron, J.L. Pons, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France
	The EBS storage ring control system is presently paired with an electron beam dynamics digital twin (the EBS control system simulator, EBSS). The EBSS reproduces many of the beam dynamics related quantities relevant for machine operation. This digital twin is used for the preparation and debug of software to deploy for operation. The EBSS is presently working only for the main storage ring and it is not directly connected to the machine operation but works in parallel and on demand. We present here the steps taken towards an on-line continuous use of the EBSS to monitor the evolution of not directly observable parameters such as beam optics. Simone Liuzzo, et al. The ESRF-EBS Simulator: A Commissioning Booster. 18th ICALEPCS, Oct 2021, Shanghai, China. MOPV012
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THPDP010
About •	Received ※ 27 September 2023 — Revised ※ 25 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 December 2023 — Issued ※ 16 December 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPDP033	Multi-User Virtual Accelerator at HEPS for High-Level Application Development and Beam Commissioning	1388
	P. Zhu, Y. Jiao, J.Y. Li, N. Li, C. Meng, Y.M. Peng, G. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China X.H. Lu IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	At High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a multi-user virtual accelerator system has been developed for testing the high-level application (HLA) and simulating the effects of various errors on the results of beam commissioning. The virtual accelerator is based on the Pyapas development framework for HLA and is designed using a client/server (C/S) architecture. It uses Ocelot with custom multipole field models for physical calculations and supports error simulation for various magnet and beam instrumentation and diagnostics devices. Calculation results are sent externally through the EPICS PV channel. The multi-user virtual accelerator system was developed to meet the needs of different users within the same network segment who need to simultaneously call the virtual accelerator for software debugging and simulation research. Each user can open a unique virtual accelerator without affecting others, and can also start different virtual accelerators for different research content. The number of virtual accelerators opened is not limited. The operation of the entire virtual accelerator system can be easily switched on and off like opening an app, greatly facilitating user use. This article provides a detailed description of the design concept and implementation of the multi-user virtual accelerator system.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THPDP033
About •	Received ※ 11 October 2023 — Revised ※ 12 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 December 2023 — Issued ※ 13 December 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPDP034	The Application of Pyapas in Linac Beam Commissioning at HEPS	1391
	X.H. Lu IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China H.F. Ji, Y. Jiao, J.Y. Li, N. Li, C. Meng, Y.M. Peng, G. Xu, Y.L. Zhao, P. Zhu IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The beam commissioning of the Linac at High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) started on March 9th this year. High-level applications (HLAs) based on Pyapas were successfully applied to the beam commissioning. To meet the beam commissioning requirements of the Linac, a series of HLAs were developed, including physics-based control application, PR target data analysis application, emittance measurement application, energy and energy spread measurement application, acceleration phase scanning application, BBA and feedback orbit correction application. Before applying these applications to real beam commissioning, they were tested thoroughly on a virtual accelerator to ensure the correctness of the algorithms and the stability of the application operation. Thanks to the repeated testing on the virtual accelerator, the HLAs of the Linac performed well after being put online, helping the beam commissioning operators to quickly achieve the full-line transmission of the beam and optimize the parameters to the expected values in a short time. This paper will provide a detailed introduction to the application of the relevant HLAs in the Linac beam commissioning at HEPS.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THPDP034
About •	Received ※ 11 October 2023 — Revised ※ 12 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 December 2023 — Issued ※ 14 December 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPDP060	Beam Instrumentation Simulation in Python	1454
	M. Gonzalez-Berges, D. Alves, A. Boccardi, V. Chariton, I. Degl’Innocenti, S. Jackson, J. Martínez Samblas CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The design of acquisition electronics for particle accelerator systems relies on simulations in various domains. System level simulation frameworks can integrate the results of specific tools with analytical models and stochastic analysis. This allows the designer to estimate the performance of different architectures, compare the results, and ultimately optimize the design. These simulation frameworks are often made of custom scripts for specific designs, which are hard to share or reuse. Adopting a standard interface for modular components can address these issues. Also, providing a graphical interface where these components can be easily configured, connected and the results visualised, eases the creation of simulations. This paper identifies which characteristics ISPy (Instrumentation Simulation in Python) should fulfill as a simulation framework. It subsequently proposes a standard format for signal-processing simulation modules. Existing environments which allow script integration and an intuitive graphical interface have then been evaluated and the KNIME Analytics Platform was the proposed solution. Additionally, the need to handle parameter sweeps for any parameter of the simulation, and the need for a bespoke visualisation tool will be discussed. Python has been chosen for all of these developments due to its flexibility and its wide adoption in the scientific community. The ensuing performance of the tool will also be discussed.
	Poster THPDP060 [2.931 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THPDP060
About •	Received ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 08 December 2023 — Issued ※ 12 December 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPDP062	Controls Optimization for Energy Efficient Cooling and Ventilation at CERN	1465
	D. Monteiro, R. Barillère, N. Bunijevac, I. Rühl CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Cooling and air conditioning systems play a vital role for the operation of the accelerators and experimental complex of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Without them, critical accelerator machinery would not operate reliably as many machines require a fine controlled thermodynamic environment. These operation conditions come with a significant energy consumption: about 12% (75 GWh) of electricity consumed by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during a regular run period is devoted to cooling and air conditioning. To align with global CERN objectives of minimizing its impact on the environment, the Cooling and Ventilation (CV) group, within the Engineering Department (EN), has been developing several initiatives focused on energy savings. A particular effort is led by the automation and controls section which has been looking at how controls and automation strategies can be optimized without requiring costly hardware changes. This paper addresses several projects of this nature, by presenting their methodology and results achieved to date. Some of them are particularly promising as real measurements revealed that electricity consumption was more than halved after implementation. Due to the pertinence of this effort in the current context of energy crisis, the paper also draws a careful reflection on how it is planned to be further pursued to provide more energy-efficient cooling and ventilation services at CERN.
	Poster THPDP062 [7.056 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THPDP062
About •	Received ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 08 December 2023 — Issued ※ 10 December 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THSDSC06	Developing a Digital Twin for BESSY II Synchrotron Light Source Based on EPICS and Microservice Design	1594
	W. Sulaiman Khail, M. Ries, P. Schnitzer HZB, Berlin, Germany
	Digital twins, i.e. theory and design tools connected to the real devices and machine by mapping of physics components to the technical correspondents, are powerful tools providing accelerators with commissioning predictions and feedback capabilities. This paper describes a new tool allowing for greater flexibility in configuring the modelling part combined with ease of adding new features. To enable the various components developed in EPICS, Python, C, and C++ to work together seamlessly, we adopt a microservice architecture, with REST API services providing the interfaces between the components. End user scripts are implemented as REST API services, allowing for better data analysis and visualization. Finally, the paper describes the integration of dash and ploty for enhanced data comparison and visualization. Overall, this workflow provides a powerful and flexible solution for managing and optimizing BESSY II digital twins, with the potential for further customization and extension to upcoming machines.
	Poster THSDSC06 [0.797 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THSDSC06
About •	Received ※ 05 October 2023 — Revised ※ 27 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 November 2023 — Issued ※ 05 December 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FR2AO01	How Accurate Laser Physics Modeling Is Enabling Nuclear Fusion Ignition Experiments	1620
	K.P. McCandless, R.H. Aden, A. Bhasker, R.T. Deveno, J.-M.G. Di Nicola, M. Erickson, T.E. Lanier, S.A. McLaren, G. Mennerat, F.X. Morrissey, J. Penner, T. Petersen, B.A. Raymond, S.E. Schrauth, M.F. Tam, K. Varadan, L. Waxer LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
	Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344 This last year we achieved an important milestone by reaching fusion ignition at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s (LLNL) National Ignition Facility (NIF), a multi-decadal effort involving a large collaboration. The NIF facility contains a 192-beam 4.2 MJ neodymium glass laser (around 1053 nm) that is frequency converted to 351 nm light. To meet stringent laser performance required for ignition, laser modeling codes including the Virtual Beamline (VBL) and its predecessors are used as engines of the Laser Operations Performance Model (LPOM). VBL comprises an advanced nonlinear physics model that captures the response of all the NIF laser components (from IR to UV and nJ to MJ) and precisely computes the input beam power profile needed to deliver the desired UV output on target. NIF was built to access the extreme high energy density conditions needed to support the nation’s nuclear stockpile and to study Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF). The design, operation and future enhancements to this laser system are guided by the VBL physics modeling code which uses best-in-class standards to enable high-resolution simulations on the Laboratory’s high-performance computing platforms. The future of repeated and optimized ignition experiments relies on the ability for the laser system to accurately model and produce desired power profiles at an expanded regime from the laser’s original design criteria. LLNL Release Number: LLNL-ABS-847846
	Slides FR2AO01 [3.580 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-FR2AO01
About •	Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 12 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 14 December 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FR2AO02	A Digital Twin for Neutron Instruments	1626
	S. Nourbakhsh, Y. Le Goc, P. Mutti ILL, Grenoble, France
	Data from virtual experiments are becoming an extremely valuable asset for research infrastructures in a multitude of aspects and different actors: for instrument scientists to develop and optimise current and future instruments; for training external users in the usage of the instrument control system; for scientists in studying, quantifying and reducing instrumental effects on acquired data. Furthermore large sets of simulated data are also a necessary ingredient for the development of surrogate models for faster and more accurate simulation, reduction and analysis of the data. The development of a digital twin of an instrument can answer such different needs with a single unified approach wrapping in a user-friendly envelop the knowledge about the instrument physical description, the specific of the simulation packages and their interaction, and the high performing computing setup. In this article we will present the general architecture of the digital twin prototype developed at the ILL in the framework of the PANOSC European project in close collaboration with other research facilities (ESS and EuXFel). The communication patterns (based on ZQM) and interaction between the control system (NOMAD), simulation software (McStas), instrument description and configuration, process management (CAMEO) will be detailed. The adoption of FAIR principles for data formats and policies in combination with open-source software make it a sustainable project both for development and maintenance in the mid and long-term.
	Slides FR2AO02 [1.245 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-FR2AO02
About •	Received ※ 31 October 2023 — Revised ※ 02 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 07 December 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

FR2AO03	Machine Learning Based Virtual Beam Diagnostic Tool for Real-Time Operation at EuPRAXIA
	S. Pioli, R. Pompili LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy E. Chiadroni Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy A. Cianchi INFN-Roma II, Roma, Italy G. Latini, B. Serenellini INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy V. Martinelli INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy A. Mostacci SBAI, Roma, Italy
	The EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB facility will equip the Frascati National Laboratories (LNF) of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) with an infrastructure, in the ESFRI roadmap, capable of an unique combination of a high brightness GeV-range electron beam generated in a state-of-the-art LINAC boosted by a plasma acceleration module designed as top-class quality, user-oriented and at the forefront of new acceleration technologies. In these context we present design of our approach and first results with different Machine Learning (ML) techniques on the SPARC_LAB facility for the Virtual Beam Diagnostic tool under development. The aim of such tool will be the real-time virtualization of beam dynamics images as they would be seen by destructive beam diagnostics flag. This digital-twin based methodology will assist and provide images of the electron beam spot along the EuPRAXIA LINAC without affecting beam uptime to users and improving beam dynamics modeling and optimization of this challenging future facility.
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FR2AO04	A Physics-Based Simulator to Facilitate Reinforcement Learning in the RHIC Accelerator Complex	1630
	L.K. Nguyen, K.A. Brown, M.R. Costanzo, Y. Gao, M. Harvey, J.P. Jamilkowski, J. Morris, V. Schoefer BNL, Upton, New York, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The successful use of machine learning (ML) in particle accelerators has greatly expanded in recent years; however, the realities of operations often mean very limited machine availability for ML development, impeding its progress in many cases. This paper presents a framework for exploiting physics-based simulations, coupled with real machine data structure, to facilitate the investigation and implementation of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, using the longitudinal bunch-merge process in the Booster and Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) as examples. Here, an initial fake wall current monitor (WCM) signal is fed through a noisy physics-based model simulating the behavior of bunches in the accelerator under given RF parameters and external perturbations between WCM samples; the resulting output becomes the input for the RL algorithm and subsequent pass through the simulated ring, whose RF parameters have been modified by the RL algorithm. This process continues until an optimal policy for the RF bunch merge gymnastics has been learned for injecting bunches with the required intensity and emittance into the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), according to the physics model. Robustness of the RL algorithm can be evaluated by introducing other drifts and noisy scenarios before the algorithm is deployed and final optimization occurs in the field.
	Slides FR2AO04 [2.694 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-FR2AO04
About •	Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 16 December 2023
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FR2AO05	Python Library for Simulated Commissioning of Storage-Ring Accelerators	1637
	L. Malina, I.V. Agapov, J. Keil, E.S.H. Musa, B. Veglia DESY, Hamburg, Germany N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, L. Hoummi, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, S.M. White ESRF, Grenoble, France T. Hellert LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Simulations of the commissioning procedure became vital to the storage-ring lattice design process. The achievable tolerances on lattice imperfections, such as equipment misalignments or magnet gradient errors, would, without correction, prohibit reaching the design parameters. We present a Python library which includes an extensive set of error sources in the accelerator lattice and provides a variety of correction algorithms to commission a storage ring. The underlying beam dynamics simulations are performed with pyAT. This project builds upon previous works and expands them in the direction of realistic control room experience and software maintainability. The performance is demonstrated using example commissioning studies, and further development plans are discussed.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-FR2AO05
About •	Received ※ 06 October 2023 — Revised ※ 27 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 19 December 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

FAIR Data of Physical and Digital Beamlines

1231

G. Günther, O. Mannix, O. Ruslan, S. Vadilonga
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Simulations play a crucial role in instrument design, as a digital precursor of a real-world object they contain a comprehensive description of the setup. Unfortunately, this digital representation is often neglected once the real instrument is fully commissioned. To preserve the symbiosis of simulated and real-world instrument beyond commissioning we connect the two worlds through the instrument control software. The instrument control simultaneously starts measurements and simulations, receives feedback from both, and directs (meta)data to a NeXus file - a standard format in photon and neutron science. The instrument section of the produced NeXus file is enriched with detailed simulation parameters where the current state of the instrument is reflected by including real motor positions such as incorporating the actual aperture of a slit system. As a result, the enriched instrument description increases the reusability of experimental data in sense of the FAIR principles. The data is ready to be exploited by machine-learning techniques, such as for predictive maintenance applications as it is possible to perform simulations of a measurement directly from the NeXus file. The realization at the Aquarius beamline * at Bessy II in connection with the Ray-UI simulation software ** and RayPyNG API *** serves as a prototype for a more general application.
* https://www.helmholtz-berlin.de/forschung/oe/wi/optik-strahlrohre/projekte/aquarius_en.html
** https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5084665
*** https://pypi.org/project/raypyng

Slides THMBCMO17 [0.632 MB]

Poster THMBCMO17 [0.828 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THMBCMO17

About •

Received ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 December 2023 — Issued ※ 14 December 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THMBCMO18

Advancements in Beamline Digital Twin at BESSYII

1236

S. Vadilonga, G. Günther, S. Kazarski, R. Ovsyannikov, S.S. Sachse, W. Smith
HZB, Berlin, Germany

This presentation reports on the status of beamline digital twins at BESSY II. To provide a comprehensive beamline simulation experience we have leveraged BESSY II’s x-ray tracing program, RAY-UI[*], widely used for beamline design and commissioning and best adapted to the requirements of our soft X-ray source BESSY II. We created a Python API, RayPyNG, capable to convert our library of beamline configuration files produced by RAY-UI into Python objects[**]. This allows to embed beamline simulation into Bluesky[***], our experimental controls software ecosystem. All optical elements are mapped directly into the Bluesky device abstraction (Ophyd). Thus beamline operators can run simulations and operate real systems by a common interface, allowing to directly compare theory predictions with real-time results[****]. We will discuss the relevance of this digital twin for process tuning in terms of enhanced beamline performance and streamlined operations. We will shortly discuss alternatives to RAY-UI like other software packages and ML/AI surrogate models.
[*]https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5084665
[**]https://raypyng.readthedocs.io/
[***]https://doi.org/10.1080/08940886.2019.1608121
[****]https://raypyng-bluesky.readthedocs.io/

Slides THMBCMO18 [0.333 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THMBCMO18

About •

Received ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 December 2023 — Issued ※ 16 December 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPDP010

Update on the EBS Storage Ring Beam Dynamics Digital Twin

1306

S.M. Liuzzo, N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, L. Hoummi, N. Leclercq, T.P. Perron, J.L. Pons, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France

The EBS storage ring control system is presently paired with an electron beam dynamics digital twin (the EBS control system simulator, EBSS*). The EBSS reproduces many of the beam dynamics related quantities relevant for machine operation. This digital twin is used for the preparation and debug of software to deploy for operation. The EBSS is presently working only for the main storage ring and it is not directly connected to the machine operation but works in parallel and on demand. We present here the steps taken towards an on-line continuous use of the EBSS to monitor the evolution of not directly observable parameters such as beam optics.
* Simone Liuzzo, et al. The ESRF-EBS Simulator: A Commissioning Booster. 18th ICALEPCS, Oct 2021, Shanghai, China. MOPV012

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THPDP010

About •

Received ※ 27 September 2023 — Revised ※ 25 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 December 2023 — Issued ※ 16 December 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPDP033

Multi-User Virtual Accelerator at HEPS for High-Level Application Development and Beam Commissioning

1388

P. Zhu, Y. Jiao, J.Y. Li, N. Li, C. Meng, Y.M. Peng, G. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
X.H. Lu
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

At High Energy Photon Source (HEPS), a multi-user virtual accelerator system has been developed for testing the high-level application (HLA) and simulating the effects of various errors on the results of beam commissioning. The virtual accelerator is based on the Pyapas development framework for HLA and is designed using a client/server (C/S) architecture. It uses Ocelot with custom multipole field models for physical calculations and supports error simulation for various magnet and beam instrumentation and diagnostics devices. Calculation results are sent externally through the EPICS PV channel. The multi-user virtual accelerator system was developed to meet the needs of different users within the same network segment who need to simultaneously call the virtual accelerator for software debugging and simulation research. Each user can open a unique virtual accelerator without affecting others, and can also start different virtual accelerators for different research content. The number of virtual accelerators opened is not limited. The operation of the entire virtual accelerator system can be easily switched on and off like opening an app, greatly facilitating user use. This article provides a detailed description of the design concept and implementation of the multi-user virtual accelerator system.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THPDP033

About •

Received ※ 11 October 2023 — Revised ※ 12 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 December 2023 — Issued ※ 13 December 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPDP034

The Application of Pyapas in Linac Beam Commissioning at HEPS

1391

X.H. Lu
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
H.F. Ji, Y. Jiao, J.Y. Li, N. Li, C. Meng, Y.M. Peng, G. Xu, Y.L. Zhao, P. Zhu
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The beam commissioning of the Linac at High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) started on March 9th this year. High-level applications (HLAs) based on Pyapas were successfully applied to the beam commissioning. To meet the beam commissioning requirements of the Linac, a series of HLAs were developed, including physics-based control application, PR target data analysis application, emittance measurement application, energy and energy spread measurement application, acceleration phase scanning application, BBA and feedback orbit correction application. Before applying these applications to real beam commissioning, they were tested thoroughly on a virtual accelerator to ensure the correctness of the algorithms and the stability of the application operation. Thanks to the repeated testing on the virtual accelerator, the HLAs of the Linac performed well after being put online, helping the beam commissioning operators to quickly achieve the full-line transmission of the beam and optimize the parameters to the expected values in a short time. This paper will provide a detailed introduction to the application of the relevant HLAs in the Linac beam commissioning at HEPS.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THPDP034

About •

Received ※ 11 October 2023 — Revised ※ 12 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 December 2023 — Issued ※ 14 December 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THPDP060

Beam Instrumentation Simulation in Python

1454

M. Gonzalez-Berges, D. Alves, A. Boccardi, V. Chariton, I. Degl’Innocenti, S. Jackson, J. Martínez Samblas
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The design of acquisition electronics for particle accelerator systems relies on simulations in various domains. System level simulation frameworks can integrate the results of specific tools with analytical models and stochastic analysis. This allows the designer to estimate the performance of different architectures, compare the results, and ultimately optimize the design. These simulation frameworks are often made of custom scripts for specific designs, which are hard to share or reuse. Adopting a standard interface for modular components can address these issues. Also, providing a graphical interface where these components can be easily configured, connected and the results visualised, eases the creation of simulations. This paper identifies which characteristics ISPy (Instrumentation Simulation in Python) should fulfill as a simulation framework. It subsequently proposes a standard format for signal-processing simulation modules. Existing environments which allow script integration and an intuitive graphical interface have then been evaluated and the KNIME Analytics Platform was the proposed solution. Additionally, the need to handle parameter sweeps for any parameter of the simulation, and the need for a bespoke visualisation tool will be discussed. Python has been chosen for all of these developments due to its flexibility and its wide adoption in the scientific community. The ensuing performance of the tool will also be discussed.

Poster THPDP060 [2.931 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THPDP060

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Received ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 08 December 2023 — Issued ※ 12 December 2023

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THPDP062

Controls Optimization for Energy Efficient Cooling and Ventilation at CERN

1465

D. Monteiro, R. Barillère, N. Bunijevac, I. Rühl
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Cooling and air conditioning systems play a vital role for the operation of the accelerators and experimental complex of the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Without them, critical accelerator machinery would not operate reliably as many machines require a fine controlled thermodynamic environment. These operation conditions come with a significant energy consumption: about 12% (75 GWh) of electricity consumed by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) during a regular run period is devoted to cooling and air conditioning. To align with global CERN objectives of minimizing its impact on the environment, the Cooling and Ventilation (CV) group, within the Engineering Department (EN), has been developing several initiatives focused on energy savings. A particular effort is led by the automation and controls section which has been looking at how controls and automation strategies can be optimized without requiring costly hardware changes. This paper addresses several projects of this nature, by presenting their methodology and results achieved to date. Some of them are particularly promising as real measurements revealed that electricity consumption was more than halved after implementation. Due to the pertinence of this effort in the current context of energy crisis, the paper also draws a careful reflection on how it is planned to be further pursued to provide more energy-efficient cooling and ventilation services at CERN.

Poster THPDP062 [7.056 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THPDP062

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Received ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 08 December 2023 — Issued ※ 10 December 2023

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THSDSC06

Developing a Digital Twin for BESSY II Synchrotron Light Source Based on EPICS and Microservice Design

1594

W. Sulaiman Khail, M. Ries, P. Schnitzer
HZB, Berlin, Germany

Digital twins, i.e. theory and design tools connected to the real devices and machine by mapping of physics components to the technical correspondents, are powerful tools providing accelerators with commissioning predictions and feedback capabilities. This paper describes a new tool allowing for greater flexibility in configuring the modelling part combined with ease of adding new features. To enable the various components developed in EPICS, Python, C, and C++ to work together seamlessly, we adopt a microservice architecture, with REST API services providing the interfaces between the components. End user scripts are implemented as REST API services, allowing for better data analysis and visualization. Finally, the paper describes the integration of dash and ploty for enhanced data comparison and visualization. Overall, this workflow provides a powerful and flexible solution for managing and optimizing BESSY II digital twins, with the potential for further customization and extension to upcoming machines.

Poster THSDSC06 [0.797 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-THSDSC06

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Received ※ 05 October 2023 — Revised ※ 27 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 November 2023 — Issued ※ 05 December 2023

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FR2AO01

How Accurate Laser Physics Modeling Is Enabling Nuclear Fusion Ignition Experiments

1620

K.P. McCandless, R.H. Aden, A. Bhasker, R.T. Deveno, J.-M.G. Di Nicola, M. Erickson, T.E. Lanier, S.A. McLaren, G. Mennerat, F.X. Morrissey, J. Penner, T. Petersen, B.A. Raymond, S.E. Schrauth, M.F. Tam, K. Varadan, L. Waxer
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA

Funding: This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344
This last year we achieved an important milestone by reaching fusion ignition at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s (LLNL) National Ignition Facility (NIF), a multi-decadal effort involving a large collaboration. The NIF facility contains a 192-beam 4.2 MJ neodymium glass laser (around 1053 nm) that is frequency converted to 351 nm light. To meet stringent laser performance required for ignition, laser modeling codes including the Virtual Beamline (VBL) and its predecessors are used as engines of the Laser Operations Performance Model (LPOM). VBL comprises an advanced nonlinear physics model that captures the response of all the NIF laser components (from IR to UV and nJ to MJ) and precisely computes the input beam power profile needed to deliver the desired UV output on target. NIF was built to access the extreme high energy density conditions needed to support the nation’s nuclear stockpile and to study Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF). The design, operation and future enhancements to this laser system are guided by the VBL physics modeling code which uses best-in-class standards to enable high-resolution simulations on the Laboratory’s high-performance computing platforms. The future of repeated and optimized ignition experiments relies on the ability for the laser system to accurately model and produce desired power profiles at an expanded regime from the laser’s original design criteria.
LLNL Release Number: LLNL-ABS-847846

Slides FR2AO01 [3.580 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-FR2AO01

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Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 12 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 14 December 2023

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FR2AO02

A Digital Twin for Neutron Instruments

1626

S. Nourbakhsh, Y. Le Goc, P. Mutti
ILL, Grenoble, France

Data from virtual experiments are becoming an extremely valuable asset for research infrastructures in a multitude of aspects and different actors: for instrument scientists to develop and optimise current and future instruments; for training external users in the usage of the instrument control system; for scientists in studying, quantifying and reducing instrumental effects on acquired data. Furthermore large sets of simulated data are also a necessary ingredient for the development of surrogate models for faster and more accurate simulation, reduction and analysis of the data. The development of a digital twin of an instrument can answer such different needs with a single unified approach wrapping in a user-friendly envelop the knowledge about the instrument physical description, the specific of the simulation packages and their interaction, and the high performing computing setup. In this article we will present the general architecture of the digital twin prototype developed at the ILL in the framework of the PANOSC European project in close collaboration with other research facilities (ESS and EuXFel). The communication patterns (based on ZQM) and interaction between the control system (NOMAD), simulation software (McStas), instrument description and configuration, process management (CAMEO) will be detailed. The adoption of FAIR principles for data formats and policies in combination with open-source software make it a sustainable project both for development and maintenance in the mid and long-term.

Slides FR2AO02 [1.245 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-FR2AO02

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Received ※ 31 October 2023 — Revised ※ 02 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 07 December 2023

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FR2AO03

Machine Learning Based Virtual Beam Diagnostic Tool for Real-Time Operation at EuPRAXIA

S. Pioli, R. Pompili
LNF-INFN, Frascati, Italy
E. Chiadroni
Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
A. Cianchi
INFN-Roma II, Roma, Italy
G. Latini, B. Serenellini
INFN/LNF, Frascati, Italy
V. Martinelli
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
A. Mostacci
SBAI, Roma, Italy

The EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB facility will equip the Frascati National Laboratories (LNF) of the Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) with an infrastructure, in the ESFRI roadmap, capable of an unique combination of a high brightness GeV-range electron beam generated in a state-of-the-art LINAC boosted by a plasma acceleration module designed as top-class quality, user-oriented and at the forefront of new acceleration technologies. In these context we present design of our approach and first results with different Machine Learning (ML) techniques on the SPARC_LAB facility for the Virtual Beam Diagnostic tool under development. The aim of such tool will be the real-time virtualization of beam dynamics images as they would be seen by destructive beam diagnostics flag. This digital-twin based methodology will assist and provide images of the electron beam spot along the EuPRAXIA LINAC without affecting beam uptime to users and improving beam dynamics modeling and optimization of this challenging future facility.

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FR2AO04

A Physics-Based Simulator to Facilitate Reinforcement Learning in the RHIC Accelerator Complex

1630

L.K. Nguyen, K.A. Brown, M.R. Costanzo, Y. Gao, M. Harvey, J.P. Jamilkowski, J. Morris, V. Schoefer
BNL, Upton, New York, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The successful use of machine learning (ML) in particle accelerators has greatly expanded in recent years; however, the realities of operations often mean very limited machine availability for ML development, impeding its progress in many cases. This paper presents a framework for exploiting physics-based simulations, coupled with real machine data structure, to facilitate the investigation and implementation of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms, using the longitudinal bunch-merge process in the Booster and Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) as examples. Here, an initial fake wall current monitor (WCM) signal is fed through a noisy physics-based model simulating the behavior of bunches in the accelerator under given RF parameters and external perturbations between WCM samples; the resulting output becomes the input for the RL algorithm and subsequent pass through the simulated ring, whose RF parameters have been modified by the RL algorithm. This process continues until an optimal policy for the RF bunch merge gymnastics has been learned for injecting bunches with the required intensity and emittance into the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), according to the physics model. Robustness of the RL algorithm can be evaluated by introducing other drifts and noisy scenarios before the algorithm is deployed and final optimization occurs in the field.

Slides FR2AO04 [2.694 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-FR2AO04

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Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 16 December 2023

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FR2AO05

Python Library for Simulated Commissioning of Storage-Ring Accelerators

1637

L. Malina, I.V. Agapov, J. Keil, E.S.H. Musa, B. Veglia
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
N. Carmignani, L.R. Carver, L. Hoummi, S.M. Liuzzo, T.P. Perron, S.M. White
ESRF, Grenoble, France
T. Hellert
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Simulations of the commissioning procedure became vital to the storage-ring lattice design process. The achievable tolerances on lattice imperfections, such as equipment misalignments or magnet gradient errors, would, without correction, prohibit reaching the design parameters. We present a Python library which includes an extensive set of error sources in the accelerator lattice and provides a variety of correction algorithms to commission a storage ring. The underlying beam dynamics simulations are performed with pyAT. This project builds upon previous works and expands them in the direction of realistic control room experience and software maintainability. The performance is demonstrated using example commissioning studies, and further development plans are discussed.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2023-FR2AO05

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Received ※ 06 October 2023 — Revised ※ 27 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 19 December 2023

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