CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
LLNL, Livermore, California, USA
The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is the world’s most energetic laser capable of delivering 2.05MJ of energy with peak powers up to 500 terawatts on targets a few mms in diameter. This enables extreme conditions in temperature and pressure allowing a wide variety of exploratory experiments from triggering fusion ignition to emulating temperatures at the center of stars or pressures at the center of giant planets. The capability enabled the groundbreaking results of December 5th, 2022 when scientific breakeven in fusion was demonstrated with a target gain of 1.5. A key aspect of supporting various experiments at NIF is the ability to custom shape the pulses of the 48 quads independently with high fidelity as needed by the experimentalists. For more than 15 years, the Master Oscillator Room’s (MOR) pulse shaping system has served NIF well. However, a pulse shaping system that would provide higher shot-to-shot stability, better power balance and accuracy across the 192 beams is required for future NIF experiments including ignition. The pulse shapes requested vary drastically at NIF which led to challenging requirements for the hardware, timing and closed loop shaping systems. In the past two years, a High-Fidelity Pulse Shaping System was designed, and a proof-of-concept system was shown to meet all requirements. This talk will discuss design challenges, solutions and how modernization of the pulse shaping hardware helped simple control algorithms meet the stringent requirements set by the experimentalists.
LLNL Release Number: LLNL-ABS-848060
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Detector events at User Facilities require real-time fast transport of large data sets. Since construction, the SNS user facility successfully transported data using an in-house solution based on Channel Link LVDS point-to-point data protocol. Data transport solutions developed more recently have higher speed and more robustness; however, the significant hardware infrastructure investment limits migration to them. Compared to newer solutions the existing SNS LVDS data transport uses only parity error detection and LVDS frame error detection. The used channel link is DC coupled, and thus sensitive to noise from the electrical environment since it is difficult to maintain the same LVDS common reference potential over an extensive system of electronic boards in detector array networks. The SNS existing Channel Link* uses LVDS for data transport with clock of about 40 MHz and a mixture of parallel and serial data transport. The 7 bits per twisted pair in each clock cycle are transported over three pairs of Cat7 cable. The maximum data rate is about 840 Mbps per cat7 cable. The DS90CR217 or DS90CR218 and SN65LVDS32BD components are used with shielded Cat7 cabling in transporting LVDS data. Here we discuss noise mitigation methods to improve data transport within the existing as build infrastructure. We consider the role of shielding, ground loops, as well as specifically the use of toric ferrite insolation transformer for rf noise filtering.
* K. Vodopivec et al., "High Throughput Data Acquisition with EPICS", 16th ICALEPCS, 2017, Barcelona Spain, doi: 10.18429/JACoW-ICALEPCS2017-TUBPA05
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
Hyperboloid LLC, Yorktown, Virginia, USA
JLAB, Newport News, USA
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
Monitoring the harsh environment within an operating accelerator is a notoriously challenging problem. High radiation, lack of space, poor network connectivity, or extreme temperatures are just some of the challenges that often make ad-hoc, fixed sensor networks the only viable option. In an attempt to increase the flexibility of deploying different types of sensors on an as-needed basis, we have built upon the existing body of work in the field and developed a robotic platform to be used as a mobile sensor platform. The robot is constructed with the objective of minimizing costs and development time, strongly leveraging the use of Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) hardware and open-source software (ROS). Although designed to be remotely operated by a user, the robot control system incorporates sensors and algorithms for autonomous obstacle detection and avoidance. We have deployed the robot to a number of missions within the SLAC LCLS accelerator complex with the double objective of collecting data to assist accelerator operations and of gaining experience on how to improve the robustness and reliability of the platform. In this work we describe our deployment scenarios, challenges encountered, solutions implemented and future improvement plans.
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
Magnetic sensors have been developed utilizing various physical phenomena such as Electromagnetic Induction, Hall Effect, Tunnel Magnetoresistance(TMR), Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR), Anisotropic Magnetoresistance (AMR) and Giant Magnetoimpedance (GMI). The compatibility of solid-state magnetic sensors with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication processes makes it feasible to achieve integration of sensor with sensing and computing circuitry at the same time, resulting in systems on chip. In this paper we describe application of AMR, TMR and Hall effect integrated sensors for precise measurement of 3D static magnetic field in wide range of magnitudes from 10-6 T to 0.3 T, as well as pulsed magnetic field up to 0.3 T.